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The formulation of the septic tank method and the popularization of septic tanks
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In May 1983, Japan enacted the "Purification Tank Law." The Purification Tank Law is a comprehensive piece of legislation that standardizes and regulates every aspect of purification tank production, installation, maintenance, and management. The law clearly defines the obligations and responsibilities of individuals and enterprises involved in the purification tank industry and establishes a qualification certification system for purification tank technicians. As a result, Japan introduced national qualifications for purification tanks—the Purification Tank Management Specialist and the Purification Tank Installation Specialist. The Purification Tank Law was officially put into effect in October 1985. In 1987, to further promote the adoption of integrated purification tanks, Japan's Ministry of Health and Welfare established the Purification Tank Measures Office (now the Purification Tank Promotion Office under the Ministry of the Environment). With strong government support, a subsidy program for small household purification tanks installed by individual households was launched that same year. In 1994, the central government also introduced a subsidy program aimed at local governments for the installation of small household purification tanks.
In 2000, the Septic Tank Law was revised once again, and standalone septic tanks were removed from the definition of the Septic Tank Law. Since then, when installing septic tanks in newly built homes, only combined-type septic tanks have been permitted, and the production of standalone septic tanks has been prohibited. In 2006, standalone septic tanks were also removed from the structural standards for septic tanks. Today, septic tanks play a significant role not only in the treatment of domestic wastewater but also in protecting aquatic environments and promoting water resource recycling.
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